Linking invertebrate burrow distributions (neoichnology) to physicochemical stresses on a sandy tidal flat: implications for the rock record   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SHAHIN E. DASHTGARD 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1303-1325

Invertebrate burrow distributions (neoichnology) across a modern tidal flat are presented as an analogue for interpreting the ichnology of palaeo‐tidal‐flat successions. Burrow distributions are linked to physical and chemical (physicochemical) stresses to establish the main controls on the distribution of biosedimentary structures. Across the tidal flat, there is clear heterogeneity in both the diversity of traces and the intensity of burrowing. This heterogeneity reflects a myriad of physicochemical stresses, with the sedimentation rate dominating burrow distributions. Across all substrates, the total area occupied by organisms rarely exceeds 3% of the tidal‐flat surface, and is commonly <1%; this equates to a bioturbation index value of one. To reach bioturbation index values of two to six, sediments must be available to biogenic reworking and/or recolonization. With an increasing sedimentation rate, substrates are rapidly buried and re‐exposed, which limits the time when a substrate is available to colonization. For palaeo‐ichnological studies, this research presents several key results. (i) Burrow cross‐cutting relationships in tidal‐flat successions commonly reflect natural heterogeneities in the areal distribution of infaunal communities, rather than infaunal tiering. (ii) Ichnofabric analysis of palaeo‐tidal flats with a high sedimentation rate would yield fabrics that reflect heterogeneities in the areal distribution of infaunal communities rather than variability in the physicochemical stresses of the environment. (iii) The composite trace‐fossil assemblage of tidal flats cannot be attributed to a single ichnofacies, but instead comprises elements typical of multiple ichnofacies. (iv) The main controls on trace assemblages across tidal flats in fully marine settings are sedimentological and include the sedimentation rate and, to a lesser extent, grain size.  相似文献   

Apogean–perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek,Turnagain Arm,Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites     

STEPHEN F. GREB  ALLEN W. ARCHER  DARRON G. DEBOER 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1434-1452

Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear to erode during the winter and then accrete vertically in the spring and summer. In each of the years studied, tidal laminae in vertically thickening and thinning laminae bundles were deposited by twice daily tides in neap–spring tidal cycles. In 2004, bundles of thickening and thinning laminae couplets were noted in trenches cut into the flats. Five laminae bundles alternated between thicker and thinner bundles, corresponding to the perigean (high spring) and apogean (low spring) tides. Well‐preserved apogean–perigean cycles have rarely been documented in modern tidal flat sediments. At this location, vertical accretion of tidal rhythmites with well‐developed neap–spring cyclicity is possible because of the near‐complete removal of the flat from the previous year, which creates accommodation space for vertical accretion without significant reworking. Macrotidal conditions, no reworking by infaunal invertebrates, protection from the main tidal channel by a gravel bar and protection from storm waves and fluvial erosion by a recess in the sedge marsh that surrounds the flats all aid in preservation of rhythmites during aggradation. The position of the flats relative to tidal range allows for accumulation of complete spring cycles and incomplete neap cycles. In the summer of 2004, apogee and perigee were closely aligned with the new and full moons, resulting in successive strong perigee and apogee tides which probably aided in the accumulation of successive thick–thin spring cycles encoding the apogean and perigean tidal cycle. The apogean–perigean signal was not observed in subsequent years.  相似文献   

Globalising care? Town twinning in Britain since 1945     

Nick Clarke 《Geoforum》2011,42(1):115-461

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应用6σ质量管理方法尝试评价多目标样品氯等项目检测质量水平   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王烨 《岩矿测试》2011,30(3):281-284

应用6σ质量管理方法评价X射线荧光光谱法测定多目标地球化学样品分析中4个日常监控土壤标准物质中C l、S、总碳、N、Na2O、MgO、A l2O3、SiO2、P、K2O、CaO、Ba、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、TFe2O3、Zn、Ga、Br、Pb、Th、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb等27个项目检测质量水平。研究结果显示,随着高精度、自动化仪器的应用,多目标样品分析多个项目的精密度、准确度都得到大幅度的提高,部分检测项目的性能已经达到6σ质量水平;但有少数项目如N、总碳、Cr等低于3σ质量水平,其精密度准确度均需改进,分析性能有待进一步提高,建议更换检测方法。用6σ质量管理方法评价地质实验分析测试质量水平与地质实验室传统质量控制方法得出的结果具有一致性,其评价方法简便、量化、直观、具有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

Metamorphic history of the South Tibetan Detachment System,Mt. Everest region,revealed by RSCM thermometry and phase equilibria modelling   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. M. COTTLE  D. J. WATERS  O. BEYSSAC  M. J. JESSUP 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(5):561-582

This study combines microstructural observations with Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM), phase equilibria modelling and U–Pb dating of titanite to delineate the metamorphic history of a well‐exposed section through the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) in the Dzakaa Chu valley of Southern Tibet. In the hanging wall of the STDS, undeformed Tibetan Sedimentary Series rocks consistently record peak metamorphic temperatures of ～340 °C. Temperatures increase down‐section, reaching ～650 °C at the base of the shear zone, defining an apparent metamorphic field gradient of ～310 °C km^?1 across the entire structure. U–Th–Pb geochronological data indicate that metamorphism and deformation at high temperatures occurred over a protracted period from at least 20 to 13 Ma. Deformation within this 1‐km‐thick zone of distributed top‐down‐to‐the‐northeast ductile shear included a strong component of vertical shortening and was responsible for significant condensing of palaeo‐isotherms along the upper margin of the Greater Himalayan Series (GHS). We interpret the preservation of such a high metamorphic gradient to be the result of a progressive up‐section migration in the locus of deformation within the zone. This segment of the STDS provides a detailed thermal and kinematic record of the exhumation of footwall GHS rocks from beneath the southern margin of the Tibetan plateau.  相似文献   

大陆天然气水合物的资源开发与环境研究刍议     

刘玉山  吴必豪 《矿床地质》2011,30(4):711-724

天然气水合物分为大陆型和海洋型两大类.大陆型天然气水合物矿床常赋存于永久冻土带,如西伯利亚,加拿大北部,阿拉斯加.近年来,中国在青海木里的冻土带也发现了天然气水合物,它们赋存在l000m深的砂岩和泥岩层中.大陆天然气水合物的资源量是相当巨大的,估计约为(1～7.4)×1014m3甲烷.现在科学家已经研究出从冻土带水合物...  相似文献   

流体包裹体成分物理化学参数的NET2.0C#语言计算程序   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王真光  王莉娟 《矿床地质》2011,30(4):754-758

根据地球化学热力学原理,利用流体包裹体成分测试数据和有关热力学原理,在原有基础上采用NET2.0 C#语言进行修编,编制成目前切实可行的计算机处理程序——矿物包裹体成分、物理化学参数的计算程序.其目的是方便广大地质工作者将这些参数用于地质找矿和科学研究中.  相似文献   

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段改则硅质岩地球化学征及沉积环境   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

冯彩霞 《矿床地质》2011,30(5):773-786

班公湖-怒江缝合带是西藏第二条规模巨大的基性-超基性岩带.文章通过对该带西段改则地区硅质岩的系统地球化学研究,探讨了硅质岩形成的成因和构造背景.研究表明:①硅质岩的w(SiO2)变化范围在85.23％～93.73％之间,Si/Al比值为34.08～56.92,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物;②Hf、Pb、Nb、T...  相似文献   

胶东焦家特大型金矿床深、浅部矿体特征对比   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

宋明春  宋英昕  崔书学  姜洪利  袁文花  王化江 《矿床地质》2011,30(5):923-932

焦家特大型金矿床由以往提交的焦家金矿床、马塘金矿床、寺庄金矿床和近年来发现的寺庄深部金矿床、马塘深部金矿床、焦家深部金矿床组成,金资源储量大于600吨.该矿床由4个矿体群组成,深部矿体有306个.深部Ⅰ-1号、Ⅱ-1号和Ⅰ-12号主矿体相互平行且在水平投影图上部分叠合,深部Ⅰ-12号、Ⅰ号主矿体与浅部Ⅰ号、1号主矿体相...  相似文献   

内蒙古乌拉特后旗查干德尔斯钼矿床地质特征及Re-Os测年   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

蔡明海  彭振安  屈文俊  贺钟银  冯罡  张诗启  徐明  陈艳 《矿床地质》2011,30(3):377-384

查干德尔斯钼矿床是近年来在内蒙古西部中蒙边境地区新发现的一个具大型规模的隐伏矿床,辉钼矿化呈浸染状、团块状、细脉状分布在中细粒二长花岗岩中,具斑岩型矿床的特点.笔者在矿区成矿岩体、矿化和蚀变特征等初步研究的基础上,进行了辉钼矿Re-Os测年,获得模式年龄为(240.3±3.9)～(244.2±3.5)Ma,等时线年龄为...  相似文献